• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A drying oven suitable for drying plates (101), comprising: a displacement system (102) for displacing the plates from an entrance to an exit; wherein the displacement system comprises at least two closed chains (105, 106), each chain comprising a plurality of outer plates (401) and shafts (410), each shaft being inserted into an opening (403) of a corresponding outer plate and over a distance protrudes outside the outer plate; and wherein the drying oven comprises a detection mechanism wherein the detection mechanism for each of the chains comprises a contactless proximity detector mounted on a first side of the chain, the detection mechanism being provided for checking whether the distance (d1) between the contactless proximity detector (81) and an end (404) of the shaft (410) on a first side of chain is smaller than a predetermined minimum value W.
    公开号:BE1025554A9
    申请号:E20180049
    申请日:2018-04-24
    公开日:2019-04-15
    发明作者:Patrick Vanleuven
    申请人:Etex Building Performance Nv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DRYERS SUITABLE FOR DRYING PLATES
    Domain of the invention
    The present invention generally relates to drying ovens suitable for drying plates, for example calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) based plates.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Furnaces suitable for drying plates, for example calcium silicate hydrate-based plates, hereinafter referred to as CSH-based plates, with best known examples being Xonotlite and Tobermorite-based plates, are known in the art.
    Plates, for example CSH-based plates, are usually dried up in drying ovens. The present invention relates to the latter type of drying ovens.
    Ovens according to the present invention usually have a displacement system with two or more chains, to which a plurality of transverse profiles are attached. Two or more upright support profiles are mounted on these transverse profiles for supporting plates to be dried, for example CSH-based plates. In the furnace according to the present invention, the displacement system with the chains and the transverse profiles and the support profiles and the plates to be dried is driven step-by-step, wherein a new plate to be dried is included at the entrance at each step, and a dried plate is delivered to the Exit.
    When one of the chains breaks, this gives rise to a long-term standstill of the entire drying oven.
    Summary of the invention
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a drying oven suitable for drying plates, preferably calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) based plates, with a displacement system comprising several chains, and which has a reduced downtime due to the breaking of one of the chains, in particular a drying oven, in which the displacement system is driven step by step.
    These and other objects are achieved by a drying oven and a method according to embodiments of the present invention.
    BE2018 / 0049
    According to a first aspect of the invention, in a drying oven suitable for drying plates, for example calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) based plates, the drying oven comprising a displacement system for moving the plates, for example CSH-based plates, is provided with an entrance from the drying oven to an exit of the drying oven in a flow direction. The displacement system comprises at least two closed chains, each chain comprising a plurality of outer plates, and a plurality of shafts, each axle being inserted into an opening of a corresponding outer plate and protruding a distance beyond an outer surface of the outer plate. The drying oven further comprises a detection mechanism wherein the detection mechanism for each of the chains comprises a contactless proximity detector mounted on a first side of the chain, the detection mechanism being provided to check whether the distance (d1) between the contactless proximity detector and an end of the shaft on a first side of chain is smaller than a predetermined minimum value W.
    According to some embodiments, for each of the chains, the shafts may be provided on the second side of the chain to project over a distance V beyond an outer surface of the outer plate.
    According to some embodiments, for each chains, the shafts may be provided so that for maximum distance X between detector and the end of the shaft on the first side of chain, it holds that W is greater than or equal to X - V
    According to some embodiments, for each of the chains, the axle on the first side may be provided with a flange, a nut, nuts, a locknut and / or a collar to prevent axle from shifting in the direction inward of the chain.
    According to some embodiments, for each of the chains, the shafts may be provided on the second side of the chain to project over a distance V beyond an outer surface of the outer plate and wherein the projecting part of the shaft is provided with a means for prevent the shaft from shifting inwards towards the chain over a distance greater than V.
    BE2018 / 0049
    According to some embodiments, the means for preventing shaft from shifting inwardly toward the chain over a distance greater than V may include a split pin or locking pin inserted into a shaft through a radial aperture.
    According to some embodiments, the proximity detectors may be capacitive proximity detectors.
    According to some embodiments, the detection system may further be provided to generate a warning signal when it is detected that the distance over which the axis extends beyond one of the corresponding outer plates is outside the predetermined range. In one embodiment, the detection system is further provided to stop or stop the displacement system and / or prevent it from moving further when it is detected that the distance over which the axis extends beyond one of the corresponding outer plates is outside the predetermined range.
    Specific and preferred aspects of the invention are included in the appended independent and dependent claims. Features of the dependent claims can be combined with features of the independent claims and with features of other dependent claims as appropriate and not merely as explicitly stated in the claims.
    To summarize the invention and the advantages achieved over the prior art, certain objects and advantages of the invention have been described above. It is, of course, understood that not all of these objectives or advantages can be achieved by any specific embodiment of the invention. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be embodied or embodied in a manner that has one advantage or a group of advantages as provided herein, without necessarily achieving other objectives or benefits that may be offered or suggested herein.
    These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiment (s) described below.
    Brief description of the figures
    BE2018 / 0049
    The invention will now be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    FIG. 1 is a schematic representation (in side view) of a drying oven suitable for drying calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) based plates comprising a displacement system, and at the entrance of the oven (left of FIG. 1) a supply system for supplying plates to be dried and at the exit of the oven (to the right of FIG. 1) a collection system for collecting dried plates, known in the art.
    FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the system shown in FIG. 1.
    FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of one of the chains of the displacement system of FIG. 2, with a transverse profile and a support profile attached thereto and a CSH-based plate that rests on the transverse profile, and leans against the support profile.
    FIG. 4 shows an example of a tensioned chain with a plurality of outer plates and shafts.
    FIG. 5 schematically shows the displacement system of FIG. 2 in plan view again when the chains are tightened nicely. In FIG. 5, only two chains and two transverse profiles are shown, each with five support profiles, so as not to overload the drawing, but in practice the chains comprise a large number of transverse profiles and support profiles which, moreover, are (during the operation of the drying oven) fully loaded with a quantity CSH-based plates. The total weight of the chains and the profiles and plates is enormous, and great forces are required to move them.
    FIG. 6 shows in more detail from which parts a chain such as that used in drying ovens according to the present invention can be constructed.
    FIG. 7 shows parts of a chain used in drying ovens according to the present invention in more detail.
    FIG. 8 illustrates a solution as proposed by the present invention, and shows a detection system, to detect whether the axes of the chains are axially shifted with respect to their normal position.
    The figures are only schematic and non-limiting. In the figures, the dimensions of some parts may be exaggerated and not represented to scale for illustrative purposes. The dimensions and the relative dimensions sometimes do not correspond to the current practical embodiment of the invention. Reference numbers in the claims
    BE2018 / 0049 may not be interpreted to limit the scope of protection. In the various figures, the same reference numbers refer to the same or similar elements.
    Detailed description of embodiments of the invention
    The present invention will be described with reference to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, however, the invention is not limited thereto, but is only limited by the claims.
    It is to be noted that the term comprising, as used in the claims, is not to be interpreted as being limited to the means described thereafter; this term does not exclude other elements or steps. It can therefore be interpreted as specifying the presence of the listed characteristics, values, steps or components referred to, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other characteristics, values, steps or components, or groups thereof. Thus, the scope of the term a device comprising means A and B should not be limited to devices that consist only of components A and B. It means that with respect to the present invention, A and B are the only relevant components of the device.
    Reference throughout this specification to one embodiment or an embodiment means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, occurrence of the expressions in one embodiment or in an embodiment at various places throughout this specification may not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, but may do so. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.
    Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining disclosure and assisting in understanding one or several of the various inventive aspects. This method
    BE2018 / 0049 of disclosure should in any case not be interpreted as a reflection of an intention that the invention requires more features than explicitly mentioned in any claim. The claims following the detailed description are hereby explicitly included in this detailed description, with each independent claim as a separate embodiment of the present invention.
    Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some, but not other, features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are intended to be within the scope of the invention, and constitute different embodiments, as would be understood by those skilled in the art . For example, in the following claims, any of the described embodiments can be used in any combination.
    Numerous specific details are set forth in the description provided here. It is, however, understood that embodiments of the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail to keep this description clear.
    In the present invention, the terms axis or pin or bush of a chain are used as synonyms and refer to the substantially cylindrical object with which the links of the chain are connected to each other.
    In the present invention, the terms oven and drying oven are used as synonyms.
    FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a known drying oven 100 for drying calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) based plates 101 in side view, and FIG. 2 in perspective view. The best known examples of CSH-based plates are perhaps plates which include as CSH Xonotlite and / or Tobermorite. It has been known for years how such plates can be manufactured. The drying process must be forced because otherwise it will take too much time.
    In contrast to drying cement plates, which are usually air-dried, CSH-based plates can be dried in a type of oven as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, wherein the plates are substantially upright, since the plates 101 are already sufficiently strong after being formed to be able to stand upright, but are not yet dry and cured. Such drying usually takes place at a temperature in the range of
    BE2018 / 0049
    100 ° C to 170 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 150 ° C, and the plates usually remain in the oven for a period of about 10 to 20 hours, so that the excess water is evaporated.
    The furnaces 100 typically include a displacement system 102 (also called a conveying system) with two or more closed chains 105, 106 spaced apart (e.g., about 2.5 m apart) in the depth direction of the plane of FIG. . 1, and mounted on a plurality of gears that guide the chains. The gear wheels are preferably driven stepwise. Only one chain 105 and two such sprockets are shown in FIG. 1, in particular one gear 116 at the input 103 and one gear 117 at the output 104 of the drying oven 100, but of course additional gears or other supporting means can be arranged between them.
    The at least two chains 105, 106 are interconnected by means of a plurality of transverse profiles 107, e.g. in the form of substantially flat metal plates. As the chains 105, 106 rotate, these transverse profiles 107 assume different positions. For example, when a cross section is at the top or bottom, it will be oriented substantially parallel to a horizontal plane, but near the oven entrance 103 (left in FIG. 1) and near the oven exit 104 (right in FIG. 1) ) these plates make a rotational movement of 180 ° about the axis of the gear wheels 116, 117 shown. Use is made of this rotation to receive new plates to be dried in the conveyor system 102 and to bring them into an upright position, and to bring already dried plates to a horizontal position and remove them from the conveyor system 102 on ways known in the art.
    A plurality of support profiles 108 are attached to the transverse profiles 107. These support profiles 108 have a longitudinal direction forming a first angle α with respect to a perpendicular to the plane defined by the transverse profile 107 to which the relevant support profiles 108 are attached, the first angle α being in the range of 5 ° to 15 °, corresponding with an angle e.g. in the range of 5 ° to 10 °, and for example equal to about 6.5 °. In other words, the CSH-based plates 101 to be dried are transported substantially vertically through the oven 100, or rather, they are transported slightly sloping backwards through the oven, supported on their back side 109 by the support profiles 108.
    BE2018 / 0049
    Known furnaces have a height of, for example, 3 to 5 m, and a length of, for example, 30 to 50 m. The plates 101 are preferably introduced into the oven at approximately half height, and taken out of the oven, as can be understood from FIG. 1.
    FIG. 1 also schematically shows a feed system 112 (at an input 103 of the oven) that delivers new CSH-based plates to be dried to an input of the oven, which plates 101 are then transferred to the oven displacement system 102. As shown schematically, new plates to be dried are supplied almost horizontally, e.g. via caterpillars or conveyor belts or chains or rollers or in any other suitable manner. This supply system 112 is not an essential part of the oven 100, but it does work closely with it.
    FIG. 1 also shows schematically a collection system 113 (at an exit 104 of the oven) that discharges dried CSH-based plates from the drying oven. As shown schematically, dried plates are preferably also discharged substantially horizontally.
    As explained above, the displacement system 102 as described above automatically ensures that plates supplied horizontally are brought to an upright, almost vertical position, and held therein over substantially the entire length of the oven, and are brought back to a horizontal position on the oven exit 104.
    Finally, it should be mentioned that the chains 105, 106 in practice do not run continuously, but stepwise. More specifically, a new plate 101 to be dried is repeatedly, e.g. periodically (e.g. every minute) presented to the input 103, where it is transferred to the displacement system 102, and a dried plate is presented to the output 104 at the same time period where it is removed from the displacement system 102, after which the chains 105, 106 move over one step or stroke, so that a next plate 101 can be presented at the entrance and the exit.
    FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the system shown in FIG. 1, but with the CSH-based plates 101 omitted for illustrative purposes. The present invention is primarily directed to the displacement system 102, and more specifically, to problems related to its chains 105, 106.
    BE2018 / 0049
    FIG. 3 shows an example of how the support profiles 108 are attached to the cross sections 107, and how the cross sections 107 are connected to the chains 105, 106, and how CSH-based plates 101 supported on the cross sections 107, and leaning against the support profiles 108, are transported through it the oven.
    As stated, the tilt angle α with respect to the vertical direction is an angle in the range of 5 ° to 15 °, which corresponds to an angle β of 95 ° to 105 ° with respect to a horizontal plane.
    FIG. 4 shows an example of a chain 105 with a plurality of so-called outer plates 401, which are connected to each other by means of a plurality of shafts 410 or pins. The shafts have a diameter D.
    FIG. 5 schematically shows the displacement system 102 of FIG. 2 in plan view again, with the chains 105, 106 nicely tensioned.
    In FIG. 5, only two chains 105, 106 and two transverse profiles 107a, 107b with three support profiles 108 each are shown, so as not to overload the drawing. But during the normal operation of the furnace, the displacement system 102 comprises the at least two chains 105, 106 interconnected with a large number of transverse profiles 107, to which support profiles 108 are attached, and the displacement system is moreover fully loaded with a large amount (e.g. at least a hundred) or at least two hundred) CSH-based plates 101.
    The following information is provided to give an idea of typical dimensions, but the invention is not limited thereto, but only by the claims. The links of the chains 105, 106 may, for example, comprise substantially rectangular metal or steel outer plates 401 with a thickness T (see FIG. 6) in the range of 5 to 30 mm (e.g. about 10 mm), and a height H of 20 up to 200 mm (e.g., about 6 cm), and a length L axis to axis (also called pitch) of about 8 to 50 cm (e.g., about 150 mm). The outer plates 401 are connected to each other by means of shafts 410 with a typical diameter D of about 30% to 50% of the height H of the outer plates 401 (e.g. about 20 to 100 mm, e.g. 25 mm), and with a length A from approximately 3 to 20 cm, for example 155 mm.
    The chain can be a multiple, for example double chain with stitch length of about 150 mm, the flanges used as inner, outer or intermediate plates with a thickness
    BE2018 / 0049 of good 10mm, the total width of the chain is approximately 155mm and has a height of 60mm. the shafts have a length of 155.5 mm and normally protrude 8 mm beyond the outer plates. The shafts are surrounded along the length between the inner plates and the intermediate plates by a bush with an outer diameter of 65 mm. Everything is made of steel.
    The total weight of one such chain 105, 106, (without the cross sections 107 and without support profiles 108 and without CSH-based plates 101) for a drying oven with a length of approximately 49 m is approximately 2.5 to 3 tonnes. The total weight of an entire displacement system 102 with two such chains 105, 106, and with transverse profiles 107, and with support profiles 108, and in addition two hundred or more CSH-based plates, can run high.
    In other words, the total weight that needs to be moved through the drying oven is huge, and great forces are needed to move this weight forward. Moreover, in drying ovens according to the present invention, the displacement system 102 is not continuously driven, but stepwise. In addition, a large part of the weight at the bottom of the displacement system 102 does not rest on a carrier. Therefore, in order for the propulsion to take place without too much trouble, chains 105, 106 must be tightly tensioned.
    It will be clear from the above description that the laying and tightening of such a chain 105, 106 with transverse profiles 107 and support profiles 108 in the drying oven of 30 to 50 m in length is a very difficult task, which can easily take up to a week by specialized staff.
    Once the chains 105,106 have been placed on and tightened, the oven can be put into operation and usually runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and is preferably stopped only once or twice a year for a general maintenance. Unfortunately, it sometimes happens that one of the chains 105, 106 breaks before the said annual or half-yearly maintenance takes place, resulting in an emergency shutdown, and a considerable loss of production.
    When one of the chains (e.g., chain 105) breaks, the other chain (e.g., chain 106) will remain tensioned, but the parts of the broken chain move apart. Of course, the machine must be stopped immediately and cannot be produced again until the broken chain is repaired.
    BE2018 / 0049
    Although at first glance an outsider would think that one simply has to replace one link, and that the machine can then be switched on again, it is clear from the above description that the repair of a broken chain, in addition to which a large number of CSH-based plates 101 are a time-consuming and technically difficult process.
    FIG. 6 shows in more detail an example of a chain 105 that can be used in drying ovens according to the present invention. Of course, the parts of an actual chain may differ in shape and in relative dimensions of the chain 105 as shown in FIG. 6, but the most important parts of the chain are shown in FIG. 6. Chains of this type are known in the art, and so the basic principles need not be explained in detail. More details of a chain 105 in a preferred embodiment are shown in Figure 7. It can be seen here that the shaft 410 is provided on the first side with a means to prevent the shaft from shifting inwards towards the chain after mounting. A flange or locknut 500 is provided in this case. On the second, opposite side, the shaft is provided with a locking pin 501 which ensures that the shaft cannot shift more than the distance V, the length of the shaft projecting beyond the outer surface of the outer plate 401, into the chain.
    Strangely enough, it has been found that not the plates 401,402 of the chain 105 are subject to the most wear and therefore break, but that the shaft 410 tends to break, after which one or both shaft parts slide out, after which the chain 105 can break. Without wishing to exclude other causes and without wishing to be bound by any theory, it appears that in use gradually more and more play arises between the shaft 410 and the opening in the outer plate 401, which play appears to be mainly caused by the stepwise drive the displacement system 102, whereby the tension on the shafts 410 is not constant, but whereby the shafts 410 repeatedly experience a shock. When a chain 105 is new and the shaft 410 fits snugly into the opening of the outer plate 401, there is no problem. But when the chain 105 has been in use for a few months, it appears that play is gradually taking place between the shaft 410 and the opening 403 in the outer plate 401, as a result of which the shocks experienced by the shaft 410 become increasingly severe, which in time leads to the release of the shaft 410 or the breaking of the shaft
    BE2018 / 0049
    410, possibly followed by breakage of the entire chain 105. In the example as shown in Figure 7, the locking pin can also fail.
    FIG. 8 illustrates the solution as proposed by the present invention, starting from the preferred embodiment in Figure 7. The inventors realized that it is irrelevant to know whether the axis 410 is broken or not, because even if the If the axle is broken (eg in the middle of it), that does not mean that the chain 105.106 will soon break. Therefore, the oven does not have to be stopped immediately, and if possible the final repair is postponed until the planned annual or half-yearly maintenance. Nor is it important to know exactly how much play has arisen between the shaft 410 and between the openings 403 of the outer plates 401, because it is not clear when this play is too much. The inventors realized that an objective criterion for determining that there is an imminent problem, and that an urgent repair is therefore needed, can be found in determining whether the distance (dl) between the contactless proximity detector (81) and an end (404) of the shaft (410) on a first side of chain is smaller than a predetermined minimum value W. W is chosen to be greater than or equal to XV.
    The detector can be a simple on / off proximity sensor, which gives a signal when the distance between detector 81 and end of the axis 404a becomes smaller than the assumed distance W.
    The proximity sensors 81 are preferably mounted on the underside of the chain, because the tension there is the least there, and the shocks caused by any play are the most severe.
    Of course, the detection system may further comprise a controller or a processor (not shown), integrated or not integrated in the detector itself, to convert the aforementioned signals into an alarm signal, to be sent to the control unit that controls the chains (not shown). This control unit can, for example, stop or prevent movement in case an alarm signal is generated.
    Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described, various modifications are possible, which fall within the scope of the claims, and within the spirit of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A drying oven suitable for drying plates (101), comprising:
    - a displacement system (102) for displacing the plates (101) from an input (103) of the drying oven to an output (104) of the drying oven in a flow direction;
    wherein the displacement system (102) comprises at least two closed chains (105, 106), each chain comprising a plurality of outer plates (401), and a plurality of shafts (410), each shaft (410) being inserted into an opening ( 403) of a corresponding outer plate (401), and projecting over a distance beyond an outer surface of the outer plate (401);
    characterized in that the drying oven further comprises a detection mechanism wherein the detection mechanism for each of the chains comprises a contactless proximity detector mounted on a first side of the chain, the detection mechanism being provided to check whether the distance (d1) between the non-contact proximity detector (81) and an end (404) of the shaft (410) on a first side of chain are smaller than a predetermined minimum value W.
    [2]
    A drying oven according to claim 1, wherein for each of the chains, the shafts are provided to project on the second side of the chain over a distance V beyond an outer surface of the outer plate (401).
    [3]
    A drying oven according to claim 2, wherein for each chains, the shafts are provided so that for maximum distance X between detector and the end of the shaft on the first side of chain, it holds that W is greater than or equal to X - V
    [4]
    A drying oven as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein for each of the chains, the shaft on the first side provided with a flange, a nut, nuts, a locknut and / or a collar to prevent the shaft from shifting in the direction inwards of the chain.
    [5]
    5. - A drying oven according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein for each of the chains, the shafts are provided for spacing V on the second side of the chain.
    BE2018 / 0049 protruding beyond an outer surface of the outer plate (401) and wherein the protruding part of the shaft is provided with a means to prevent the shaft from shifting inwards in the direction of the chain over a distance greater than V.
    [6]
    A drying oven according to claim 5, wherein the means for preventing shaft from shifting inwardly towards the chain over a distance greater than V is a split pin or locking pin inserted into a shaft through a radial opening.
    [7]
    A drying oven according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the proximity detectors are capacitive proximity detector.
    [8]
    A drying oven according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection system is further provided to generate a warning signal when it is detected that distance (d1) between a contactless proximity detector (81) and an end (404) of the shaft (410) on a first side of chain is smaller than a predetermined minimum value D.
    [9]
    A drying oven according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detection system is further provided to stop and / or prevent the movement system from moving when it is detected that distance (d1) between a contactless proximity detector (81) and an end ( 404) of the shaft (410) on a first side of chain is smaller than a predetermined minimum value D.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1025197B1|2018-12-10|
    BE1025197A1|2018-12-03|
    BE1025554A1|2019-04-04|
    BE1025554B1|2019-04-09|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2019-05-16| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20190409 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE2017/5292|2017-04-25|
    BE2017/5292A|BE1025197B1|2017-04-25|2017-04-25|DEVICE FOR DRYING CALCIUM SILICATE HYDRATE BASED PLATES|
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